Name | Sorbitol |
Synonyms | Gulitol Esasorb Sorbite Sorbitol D-Sorbit Glucitol Clucitol L-gulitol D-Glucitol D-Sorbitol Glucitol, D- Liponic 70-NC Karion, sionit Hexahydric alcohol Hydex 100 gran.206 |
CAS | 50-70-4 98201-93-5 |
EINECS | 200-061-5 |
InChI | InChI=1/C6H14O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h3-12H,1-2H2/t3-,4+,5-,6-/m1/s1 |
InChIKey | FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N |
Molecular Formula | C6H14O6 |
Molar Mass | 182.17 |
Density | 1.28g/mLat 25°C |
Melting Point | 98-100 °C (lit.) |
Boling Point | bp760 105° |
Specific Rotation(α) | 4 º (per eur. pharm.) |
Flash Point | >100°C |
Water Solubility | SOLUBLE |
Solubility | Soluble in water (235g/100g water, 25°C), glycerin, propylene glycol, slightly soluble in methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, phenol and acetamide solutions. Almost insoluble in most other organic solvents. |
Vapor Presure | <0.1 mm Hg ( 25 °C) |
Vapor Density | <1 (vs air) |
Appearance | White crystalline powder |
Specific Gravity | 1.28 |
Color | White |
Odor | Odorless |
Maximum wavelength(λmax) | ['λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.04', , 'λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.045'] |
Merck | 14,8725 |
BRN | 1721899 |
pKa | pKa (17.5°): 13.6 |
PH | 5.0-7.0 (25℃, 1M in H2O) |
Storage Condition | room temp |
Stability | Stable. Avoid strong oxidizing agents. Protect from moisture. |
Sensitive | Hygroscopic |
Refractive Index | n20/D 1.46 |
MDL | MFCD00004708 |
Physical and Chemical Properties | Character white odorless crystalline powder, sweet, hygroscopic. melting point 97 ℃ relative density 1.489 refractive index 1.3477(10% aqueous solution) solubility in water (235g/g water, 25 ℃), glycerin, propylene glycol, slightly soluble in methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, phenol and acetamide solution. Almost insoluble in most other organic solvents. |
Use | Used as an intermediate for vitamin C |
Hazard Symbols | Xi - Irritant |
Risk Codes | 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. |
Safety Description | S8 - Keep container dry. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. |
WGK Germany | 2 |
RTECS | LZ4290000 |
FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 3 |
TSCA | Yes |
HS Code | 29054491 |
Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 15900 mg/kg |
Reference Show more | 1. Tian Lei, Li Enyuan, Guan Tongwei, Tang Shukun, Liu Xiaofei, Zhang Xiaoping. Diversity and screening of functional enzymes and antibacterial activity of culturable halophilic bacteria in Aiding Lake [J]. Microbiology, 2017,44(11):2575-2587. 2. Niepexian, Wang Laiping, Han Xuepin, Lu Chao, Xue Xiaomin. Cloning of sorbitol dehydrogenase gene and its expression and enzyme activity during fruit development in apricot [J]. Journal of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, 2021,35(02):291-297. 3. Xue Xiaomin, Han Xuepin, Wang Jinzheng, Dong Fang. Analysis of sugar and acid components in plum fruit at different harvest time [J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2020,48(21):220-224. 4. Dong Li, raiting Xue. Effect of high temperature and high humidity gas impact treatment on quality of mid-short wave infrared dried jujube [J]. Food Research and Development, 2020,41(22):107-112. 5. [IF = 2.19] Li-Ping Zhang et al.. "J Food Process Pres. 2014 Aug;38(4):1749-1758 6. [IF = 7.053] Y.T. Xu et al." Ultra efficient stabilization of high internal phase simulations by globular proteins in the presence of polyols: Importance of a core-shell nanostructure."Food Hydrocolloid. 2020 Oct;107:105968 7. [IF=5.537] Chen Huan et al."Transcriptome analysis reveals the metabolisms of starch degradation and ethanol fermentation involved in alcoholic off-flavour development in kiwifruit during ambient storage."Postharvest Biol Tec. 2021 Oct;180:111621 8. [IF=3.638] Chen Huan et al."Effect of benzothiadiazole treatment on quality and anthocyanin biosynthesis in plum fruit during storage at ambient temperature."J Sci Food Agr. 2021 Jun;101(8):3176-3185 9. [IF=4.24] Haonan Shi et al.Effect of cryoprotectants on the formation of advanced glycation end products and acrylamide in fried fish cakes.Food Biosci. 2021 Dec;44:101433 |
White needle-like crystalline powder, odorless, cool and sweet, sweetness of sucrose 50% ~ 70%. It has the characteristics of high moisture absorption, soluble in water and hot ethanol, heat resistance and the like, and is not easy to react with amino acids, proteins and the like. The sorbitol solution is a clear colorless syrup-like liquid, and is a 68% to 76% sorbitol aqueous solution.
The refined glucose obtained by saccharification of starch is obtained by continuous or batch hydrogenation under medium pressure.
This product is D-sorbitol, calculated as dry product, containing C6H14O6 not less than 98.0%.
take about 5g of this product, accurately weigh it, put it in a 50ml measuring flask, add 6.4g of borax and an appropriate amount of water, shake it to completely dissolve it, and dilute it to the scale (if the solution is not clear, should be filtered), according to the law (General 0621), specific rotation of 4.0 ° to 7.0 °.
nutritive sweeteners, humectants, chelating agents and stabilizers. It is a special sweetener with moisturizing function. In the human body does not convert to glucose, not controlled by insulin, suitable for use by people with diabetes. Can be used for cakes, the maximum use of 5. Og/kg; In surimi and its products in the maximum use of 0. 5g/kg. It can also be used as a defoaming agent for sugar making process, brewing process and bean products process, according to the production needs of appropriate use. It can also be used for the moisturizing of currants, the thickening of alcohol, cool drinks, and sweet candy and chewing gum.
Take 5.0g of this product, add 50ml of New boiling and cooling water to dissolve, add 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution and 0.02 ml of sodium hydroxide titration solution (0.30 mol/L), which should be light red.
take 3.0g of this product and add 20ml of water to dissolve. The solution should be clear and colorless.
take 0801g of this product and check it according to law (General rule 0.005%). Compared with the control solution made of standard gasification sodium solution, it should not be more concentrated ().
take 2.0g of this product and check it according to law (General rule 0802). Compared with the control solution made of 0.01% of standard potassium sulfate solution, it should not be more concentrated ().
take 10.OG of this product, put it in a 400ml beaker, add 35ml of water to dissolve, add 50ml of Alkaline copper tartrate test solution, cover the glass dish, heat to boil within 4-6 minutes, and continue boiling for 2 minutes, immediately add ml of fresh boiling and cold water, filter through a vertical melting glass crucible of constant weight at 105°C, wash the container and the precipitate with 30ml of hot water in portions, and then wash the precipitate with 10ml of ethanol and ether successively, drying at 105°C to constant weight resulted in a cuprous oxide weight of no more than 67mg.
take 2.lg of this product, put it in a 250ml grinding mouth flask, add about 40ml of hydrochloric acid solution (9-1000), heat and reflux for 4 hours, let it cool, move the hydrochloric acid solution into a 400ml beaker, the container was washed with 10ml of water and placed in a beaker, neutralized with 24% sodium hydroxide solution, and operated according to law under the item of reducing sugar from "adding 50ml of basic copper tartrate test solution". The weight of the obtained cuprous oxide should not exceed 50mg.
take about 0.5g of this product, put it in a 10ml measuring flask, add water to dissolve and dilute to the scale, shake well, and use it as a test solution; Take 2ml for precision measurement, put it in a ml measuring flask, as a control solution, it was diluted to the scale with water and shaken. About 0.5g of mannitol control and g of sorbitol control, respectively, were placed in a 10ml measuring flask, dissolved with water and diluted to the scale, and then shaken, as a system applicable solution. According to the high performance liquid chromatography (General 0512) test, a strong cation calcium type exchange column (or a column with equivalent separation efficiency) with the sulfonated crosslinked styrene divinylbenzene copolymer as the filler; Water as the mobile phase; the flow rate was 0.5ml per minute, the column temperature was 72-85°C, and the refractive index detector was used. Take the system applicable solution 20u1 injection human liquid chromatography, mannitol peak and sorbitol peak separation degree should be greater than 2.0. The 20u1 of the control solution and the test solution were respectively injected into the human liquid chromatograph, and the chromatogram was recorded to 3 times of the retention time of the main component peak. If there are impurity peaks in the chromatogram of the test solution, the area of a single impurity peak shall not be greater than the area of the main peak of the control solution (2.0%), and the sum of each impurity peak area shall not be greater than 1.5 times (3.0%) of the area of the main peak of the control solution..
take this product, put it in a phosphorus pentoxide dryer, and dry it under reduced pressure at 60°C to a constant weight, and the weight loss shall not exceed 1.0% (General rule 0831).
not more than 0.1% (General rule 0841).
Take 2.G of this product, add 2ml of acetate buffer (pH 3.5) and an appropriate amount of water to dissolve it into 25ml, and check it according to law (General rule 0821 first method). The heavy metal content shall not exceed 10 parts per million.
take this product l.O g, Add 10ml of water to dissolve, add 5ml of dilute sulfuric acid and 0.5ml of potassium bromide bromide solution, and heat on a water bath for 20 minutes to keep a slight excess of bromine present (if necessary, potassium bromide and bromine solution can be added dropwise), and at any time to replace the evaporation of water, cool, add hydrochloric acid 5ml and water appropriate amount to make 28ml, according to law inspection (General Principles 0822 The first law), the provisions (0.0002%) shall be met.
take about 0.2g of this product, accurately weigh, put it in a 250ml measuring flask, add water to dissolve and dilute to the scale, shake well; Take 10ml of precision, put it in an iodine bottle, precision add sodium (potassium) periodate solution [take sulfuric acid solution (1-20)90ml and sodium (potassium) periodate solution (2.3-1000)110ml, mix to make] 50ml, put on water bath heating for 15 minutes, cold, add potassium iodide solution 10ml, plug, place for 5 minutes, with sodium thiosulfate titration solution (0.05mol/L) titration, near the end point, add starch indicator solution lml, titration was continued until the blue color disappeared and the results of the titration were corrected with a blank test. Each 1 ml of sodium thiosulfate titration solution (0.05mol/L) corresponds to 0.9109mg of C6H14O6.
dehydration drugs.
light shielding, sealed storage.
This product is a sterilized aqueous solution of sorbitol. Sorbitol (C6H1406) should be 95.0% to 105.0% of the label amount.
This product is a clear colorless liquid.
take 10ml of this product with precision (about 2.5g of sorbitol), put it in a 100ml measuring flask, dilute it with water to scale, and shake it well; Take 10ml with precision, put it in a 250ml measuring flask, dilute with water to the scale, shake, according to the method under the sorbitol content determination item, from the "precision take 10ml, put in the iodine bottle", according to the law. Each 1 ml of sodium thiosulfate titration solution (0.05mol/L) corresponds to 0.9109mg of C6H14O6.
with sorbitol.
(l)lOOml:25g (2)250ml:62.5g
light shielding, closed storage.
FEMA | 3029 | D-SORBITOL |
pH indicator color change ph range | 5 - 7 at 182g/l at 25 c |
NIST chemical information | Information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
product characteristics | sorbitol, also known as sorbitol, hexanol and D-sorbitol, is a non-volatile polysugar alcohol with stable chemical properties, is not easy to be oxidized by air, is easily soluble in water, hot ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, butanol, cyclohexanol, phenol, acetone, acetic acid and dimethylformamide, and is widely distributed in natural plant fruits, it is not easy to be fermented by various microorganisms, has good heat resistance, and does not decompose at high temperature (200 ℃). It was originally separated from strawberries by French Boussingault and others. The PH value of saturated aqueous solution is 6~7, and mannitol, Terol, and galactitol are isomers, have a cool and sweet taste, the sweetness is 65% of sucrose, and the calorific value is very low. It has good hygroscopicity and has a wide range of functions in food, daily chemical, pharmaceutical and other industries. It can prevent food from drying and aging, prolong the shelf life of products, and can effectively prevent the crystallization of sugar and salt in food. It can maintain the strength balance of sweet, sour and bitter taste and increase the flavor of food. It can be prepared by heating and pressurizing hydrogenation of glucose in the presence of a nickel catalyst. |
application field | 1. daily chemical industry sorbitol is used as excipient, humectant and antifreeze in toothpaste, with an addition amount of up to 25 ~ 30%, which can keep the paste lubricated, with good color and taste. As an anti-drying agent (instead of glycerin) in cosmetics, it can enhance the extensibility and lubricity of emulsifier and is suitable for long-term storage; sorbitol anhydride fatty acid esters and their ethylene oxide adducts have the advantage of less irritation to the skin and are widely used in the cosmetics industry. 2. food industry adding sorbitol to food can prevent the food from cracking and keep the food fresh and soft. It has obvious effect when used in bread cake. The sweetness of sorbitol is lower than that of sucrose, and it is not used by some bacteria. It is an important raw material for the production of sugar-free candy and various anti-dental caries foods. Since the metabolism of this product does not cause elevated blood sugar, it can also be used as a sweetener and nutrient for diabetics. Sorbitol does not contain aldehyde groups, is not easy to be oxidized, and does not produce Maillard reaction with amino acids when heated. It has certain physiological activity and can prevent the denaturation of carotenoids, edible fats and proteins. Adding this product to concentrated milk can extend the shelf life, and can also improve the color and aroma of the small intestine. It has obvious stability and long-term preservation of fish sauce. effect. It has the same effect in jam preserves. 3. Pharmaceutical industry Sorbitol can be used as a raw material for vitamin C production; it can also be used as a raw material for syrup, injection infusion, pharmaceutical tablet compression, as a drug dispersant, filler, cryoprotectant, anti-crystallization agent, Traditional Chinese medicine stabilizer, wetting agent, capsule plasticizer, sweetener, ointment matrix, etc. 4. chemical industry sorbitol rosin is a raw material for architectural coatings, which can be used as plasticizer and lubricant in polyvinyl chloride resin and other polymers. It is complexed with iron, copper and aluminum ions in alkaline solution and applied to bleaching and washing in textile industry. sorbitol and propylene oxide can be used as starting materials to produce polyurethane rigid foam and have certain flame retardant properties. |
content analysis | total solid content (%)= 100-moisture (%). Total hydrogenated sugars (%)=[100-(moisture + sulfate ash% + reducing sugar%)]/(100-moisture%)× 100 sorbitol content (same as "02344, sorbitol"). |
toxicity | ADI does not make special regulations (FAO/WHO,2001). GRAS(FDA,§ 184.1835,2000). LD5023.3 g/kg (mouse, oral);LD5015900mg/kg (rat, oral). There is no abnormality in long-term consumption of 40g per day. More than 50g due to long stay in the intestine can lead to diarrhea. |
usage limit | FAO/WHO: raisins, 5 g/kg; 50 g/kg of edible ice and iced beverage (used alone or combined with glycerin). FDA,§ 184.1835(2000): Hard Candy 99%; Gum candy 75%, soft candy 98%; Jam, jelly, 30%, frozen dairy dessert 17%; Bake products 30%; Other foods 2%. FEMA(mg/kg): soft drink 1300; Cold drink 70000; Candy 21000; Baked food 50000; Pudding 8000; Sugar-coated 500; Top decorating 280000.GB 2760-2000: Same as "02319, Maltitol". |
Uses | 1. Sorbitol can be used to wash protoplast spheres and minimize the internal osmotic flow in agarose gel during isoelectric focusing, which can be used to induce osmotic stress. 2. It can be used for biochemical research, acid-base titration of boric acid, preparation of sorbose and vitamin C; used as biochemical reagent, thickener and hardener, and can also be used to prepare plasticizer and antifreeze in alkyd resin agent. 3. Pharmaceutical grade sorbitol is used to prepare injections, large infusions and oral granules, and food grade is used for chewing gum, sugar-free candy, etc. 4. Used as a food moisture conditioner, fragrance retention agent, antioxidant, cosmetic raw materials, in the production of toothpaste, tobacco, leather and ink to replace glycerin as a moisture control agent, adhesive raw materials and diuretic and gallbladder drugs. 5. It can also be used as a sweetener; humectant (mainly for patients with diabetes, liver disease, cholecystitis, etc.); chelating agent; tissue improver (such as making cake tissue delicate and preventing starch aging); synthetic raw material of vitamin C; The beverage has the effect of masking the bitter taste of saccharin sodium and making the sweet taste thick and heavy; used for chocolate, candy, ice cream, food pigment thinner; curative jam; cake prefabricated powder; paste, etc. |
production method | the production of sorbitol in China mostly adopts the method of continuous or intermittent hydrogenation of refined glucose obtained from starch saccharification at medium pressure: C6H12O6 + H2[Ni]→ C6H14O6 add 53% glucose aqueous solution and 0.1% (for glucose) nickel catalyst to the autoclave, after replacing the air, hydrogenation was carried out at about 3.5MPa, 150 ℃ and Ph value of 8.2~8.4, and the residual sugar at the end point was controlled below 0.5%. After 5min of precipitation, the sorbitol liquid ion exchange resin was refined to obtain the product. The above process is simple, there is no need to separate to obtain qualified products, and there is no "three wastes" pollution, but for starch, the yield is only 50%, so the cost is higher. If the new process of direct hydrogenation of starch saccharifying liquid is adopted, the yield can reach 85%. |
spontaneous combustion temperature | 420°C |
toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |